Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol III:
Tertullian: Part I: The Changes of the Heavenly Bodies, Proof that They are Not Divine. Transition from the Physical to the Mythic Class of Gods.

Chapter VI.—The Changes of the Heavenly Bodies, Proof that They are Not Divine.  Transition from the Physical to the Mythic Class of Gods.

Come now, do you allow that the Divine Being not only has nothing servile in His course, but exists in unimpaired integrity, and ought not to be diminished, or suspended, or destroyed? Well, then, all His blessedness 872 would disappear, if He were ever subject to change. Look, however, at the stellar bodies; they both undergo change, and give clear evidence of the fact. The moon tells us how great has been its loss, as it recovers its full form; 873 its greater losses you are already accustomed to measure in a mirror of water; 874 so that I need not any longer believe in any wise what magians have asserted. The sun, too, is frequently put to the trial of an eclipse. Explain as best you may the modes of these celestial casualties, it is impossible 875 for God p. 135 either to become less or to cease to exist. Vain, therefore, are 876 those supports of human learning, which, by their artful method of weaving conjectures, belie both wisdom and truth.  Besides, 877 it so happens, indeed, according to your natural way of thinking, that he who has spoken the best is supposed to have spoken most truly, instead of him who has spoken the truth being held to have spoken the best. Now the man who shall carefully look into things, will surely allow it to be a greater probability that those 878 elements which we have been discussing are under some rule and direction, than that they have a motion of their own, and that being under government they cannot be gods. If, however, one is in error in this matter, it is better to err simply than speculatively, like your physical philosophers. But, at the same time, 879 if you consider the character of the mythic school, (and compare it with the physical,) the error which we have already seen frail men 880 making in the latter is really the more respectable one, since it ascribes a divine nature to those things which it supposes to be superhuman in their sensibility, whether in respect of their position, their power, their magnitude, or their divinity. For that which you suppose to be higher than man, you believe to be very near to God.

Footnotes

Felicitas.

These are the moon’s monthly changes.

Tertullian refers to the Magian method of watching eclipses, the ἐνοπτρομαντεία.

Instead of “non valet,” there is the reading “non volet,” “God would not consent,” etc.

Viderint igitur “Let them look to themselves,” “never mind them.”

Alias.

Ista.

Sedenim.

Mortalitas.