(adversary) is to be explained either as the proper name of a country or person, as a noun in apposition, or as a verb from a root, rub, "to contend plead." All these senses are represented in the Authorized Version and the marginal readings, (Hosea 5:13; 10:6) and the east preferable has been inserted in the text, and you can find more about that here on st-takla.org on other commentaries and dictionary entries. Jareb is most probably the name of some city of Assyria or another name of the country itself.
Main reference: Smith's Bible Dictionary (1860s)
Arabic Bible Dictionary (قاموس الكتاب المقدس باللغة العربية)
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